Artemisinin Endoperoxide Biological Data
Literally thousands of pre/clinical studies (in vitro, in vivo and human) have been conducted with artemisinin endoperoxides and derivatives during the past three decades in the treatment of malaria. In the past 10 years, however, nearly 300 studies have been published regarding artemisinin-based therapies in the treatment of cancer, proliferative and inflammatory diseases, and infectious diseases. Summaries of studies conducted with the Company's compounds can be found below.
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Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition
Several of the Company's compounds have been tested in vitro against 60 human cancer cell lines in the US National Cancer Institute's Developmental Therapeutics Program. In nearly all cancers, the novel artemisinin compounds have demonstrated growth inhibition activity towards cancer cells comparable to or better than gold standard anti-cancer drugs. Based on in vivo toxicity studies and the established safety profiles of artemisinin compounds in humans, the Company's compounds should offer an effective and safer chemotherapy.
The following charts compare the GI50 values of artemisinin-based compounds and standard chemotherapy in 60 human cancer cell lines. A GI50 value is the concentration of a drug that causes 50% Growth Inhibition and is a measure of the growth inhibitory power of the test agent. The lower the GI50 value (to left on graphs), the more potent the drug.
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Company In Vitro Test Data
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Therapy
| Disease
| Cell Line
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ART Trioxane Dimers
| Multiple Cancers
Prostate Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Medulloblastoma
Breast Cancer
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Multiple Myeloma
Melanoma
| 60 NCI Cancer Cell Lines
Transgenic Adenoarcinoma of Mouse Prostate
HeLa, C33A, HCX-HPV16 Cells
DAOY Cells
MCF-7 Cells
HL-60 Cells
U-937 Cells
MM1.S, U266 Cells
UACC-62 Cells
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ART-Iron Chelators
| Multiple Cancers
Medulloblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Leukemia
Breast Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Multiple Myeloma
| 60 NCI Cancer Cell Lines
DAOY Cells
SMS-KCNR, SK-N-BE(2)c, SH-SY5Y Cells
Molt-4 Cells
MCF-7 Cells
C4-2, DU-145, LNCaP, PC-3 Cells
MM1.S, U266 Cells
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ART-Peptides
| Medulloblastoma
Leukemia
Neuroblastoma
Liver Cancer
Multiple Cancers
| DAOY Cells
Molt-4 Cells
IMR-32 Cells
HepG2 Cells, Hepatocytes
60 NCI Cancer Cell Lines
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ART-Transferrin
| Leukemia
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
| Molt-4 Cells, Lymphocytes
Prostate Stromal, Epithelial Cells
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ART plus Transferrin
| Leukemia
Breast Cancer
Neuroblastoma
| Molt-4 Cells
HTB27, HTB125 Cells
IMR-32 Cells
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ART plus Butyrate
| Leukemia
| Molt-4 Cells, Lymphocytes
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Company In Vivo Test Data
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Therapy
| Disease
| Disease Model
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ART Trioxane Dimers
| Breast Cancer
Brain Cancer
Brain Cancer
| MTLn3 Model in Rats
Toxicity Study in Mice
Intracranial Glioma Xenografts in Mice
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ART-Peptides
| Breast Cancer
| MTLn3 Model in Rats
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Artemisinin
| Breast Cancer Prevention
| DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer in Rats
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DHA plus Ferrous Sulfate
| Fibrosarcoma
| Fibrosarcoma in Rats
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